电影《了不起的盖茨比》
出于某种不可描述的原因，小幻读在读《了不起的盖茨比》的原著，菲茨杰拉德呢，不是个省油的灯，不仅塞了很多小幻不知道是谁的人名进盖茨比的宴会以彰显他的宴会办的是多么有面子，还加了各种小幻看不懂的典故。于是，在某个月黑风高的晚上，小幻狠心查了查这些典故，刚好找到一处幻灯片专门解说这部小说中的典故，翻译部分放在这里与大家共鉴。
出于某种不可描述的原因，本篇文章到此为止了。虽然很遗憾，但是2017年1月4日这一天，心情真的很糟糕。我必须要破坏掉点儿什么，I'm so sorry.
以下是幻灯片与小幻整理过格式的解说词，计划分三次翻译完三个典故的释义，有翻译不当的地方，还请指正。其中，小说原文引用就不翻译了，网上一搜一大把。
Transcript of The Allusions in the Great Gatsby
- Trimalchio 特里马乔
- Secret of Castle Rackrent 拉克伦特堡的秘密
- Plato's Allegory of the Cave 柏拉图的洞穴寓言
Fitzgerald uses these three allusions in the great Gatsby to further analyze and describe his characters. This begins Gatsby reputation as the Trimalchio because it describes how lavish and extravagant Gatsby becomes.
菲茨杰拉德在《了不起的盖茨比》中使用了以上三个典故以深入的解析与描绘他在书中的角色们。这种情况开始于将盖茨比的声誉比作特里马乔，因为它描绘了盖茨比可以达到的那种奢华。
"The Feast of Trimalchio"
特里马乔的盛宴
Banqueting couple with a slave, from Herculaneum, c.50-79 AD (fresco) 图片来源：www.quanjing.com
This picture describes the extravagant dinners which Trimalchio would invite hundreds of dinner guests.
这张图片展示了特里马乔的奢侈宴会，他会邀请成百上千的晚宴客人。
"It was when Curiosity about Gastby was its highest that the lights in his house failed to go on one Saturday night- and, as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over."
Trimalchio is a character in a 1 AD Roman novel Saytricon by Petronius. He plays a freedman who through hard labor achieved a certain level of power and wealth. He is most known for his extravagant dinner parties where course after exotic course would be served to the guest, including live birds sewn up in a pig, live birds inside a fake egg for the guess to collect, and a dish to represent every sign of the zodiac. This reference in the novel describes how Gatsby was a man who would throw lavishing parties that would excite his guest.
特里马乔是公元罗马由佩特罗尼乌斯所著的爱情神话小说中的一名角色。他是一个通过劳苦工作获得一定水平的权力与财富的自由民。特里马乔因其奢华的晚宴派对而广为人知，在晚宴上奇异的珍馐美馔一道接一道端给客人们，包括腹中缝进活的小鸟的乳猪，被关在假的蛋壳中等待客人去拿取的活的小鸟，以及一道代表十二星座每个标志符号的菜。菲茨杰拉德在其小说中引用这一典故来显示盖茨比是一个会举办盛大宴会来取悦客人的人。
"At least once a fortnight a crop of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby's enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hordes oeuvre , spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another."
This is the beginning of Gatsby's reputation as Trimalchio because it describes how lavish and extravagant Gatsby's parties truly are. The allusion of Trimalchio by Fitzgerald drives down another avenue in which he describes Gatsby. By not just merely a man, but a man of great riches and almost legendary. No one will forget his parties, but none of his guest will care for him. He is a lonely legend.
这是将盖茨比的声誉与特里马乔类比的开端，它描绘了盖茨比奢华无比的宴会到底是什么光景。特里马乔的典故使得菲茨杰拉德驶入了另一条描写盖茨比的林荫大道（小幻注：事实上，菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》the Great Gatsby一书起初的名字就是《西卵的特里马乔》Trimalchio in West Egg）。
Secret of Castle Rackrent
This picture depicts castle type structure in Ireland, where the novel takes place.
"Are you in love with me," she said low in my ear," or why did I have to come alone?""That's the secret of Castle Rackrent. Tell your chauffeur to go far away and spend an hour."
The allusion of Castle Rackrent comes from a short novel by Marie Edgeworth who was a feminist in her time. The satirical novel traces the story of four generations of Irish landlords who mistreat and imprison women from a father whose daughter wishes to marry someone of her own choosing, or to a husband who orders her to be locked up for years. Nick connects these two situations with Daisy and Myrtle. Daisy is imprisoned by having to pick someone like Tom to marry because he was established and rich. Mytrle was locked up above the apartment by Wilson. This allusion to a work of literature in 1800 shows us how Fitzgerald uses examples of characters in literature to example his characters in his literature. Fitzgerald use of allusions helps the reader identify or explain deeper meanings in his own characters.
Plato's Alleogry of the Cave depicted by Jan Saenradam
"I suppose he’d had the name ready for a long time, even then. His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people — his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all. The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God — a phrase which, if it means anything, means just that — and he must be about His Father’s business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end."
Plato's Allegory of the Cave explains how three prisoners are kept in a cave where by a fire light they see only shadows of people walking across a bridge. One of the prisoners was released from the cave and dragged himself outside into reality. He sees the awesomeness of nature and the world and reality around him. He wants to go back to the Cave to tell his fellow prisoners of the amazing reality outside of them. Instead, the prisoners only see a distorted figure without a recognizable voice. Nick at first believes he is the one outside and everyone else is in the shadows. This allegory explains how in the roaring 20s everyone is in the shadows and see only distorted figures without seeing the reality of the world outside. The cave represents Gatsby creating himself.
"Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this book, was exempt from my reaction — Gatsby, who represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn. If personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures, then there was something gorgeous about him, some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life, as if he were related to one of those intricate machines that register earthquakes ten thousand miles away. This responsiveness had nothing to do with that flabby impressionability which is dignified under the name of the “creative temperament.”— it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again."
This quote from Nick in the first chapter describes to the readers how he is the one escaped from the cave, while Gatsby created the Cave . Throughout the novel, Nick really inscribes himself in the readers mind as the one outside of everyone as well as being involved unwillingly. Gatsby creates his life from just an idea and it is distorted and unrecognizable by the fundamental idea that it wont last. Fitzgerald uses this allegory to describe Nick and his relationship with the rest of the characters as well as Gatsby's creation of the world around him.
Acknowledge
The background music by Coldplay titled Trouble in this. Prezi helps set the scene for the dramatic and descriptive allusions Fitzgerald uses in The Great Gatsby.
封面来源：电影《了不起的盖茨比》
文章来源：prezi.com
作者：Prakash Agrawal 编译：小幻
英文太多，一看就晕了